Although I don’t write them myself, I’ve always had a certain weakness for lit-crit texts that try to rehabilitate various forms of non-institutional, anti-academic “low culture": hauling them in for laboratory analysis and discovering that layers of socio-cultural meaning and hidden associations are seething just below their once impenetrable surface appearance. At their worst, these sorts of books inflate minor aesthetic details into intellectual ‘crises,’ resulting in a perverse and unintended hilarity, and making their writers out to have ‘Princess And The Pea’ levels of hypersensitivity. At their best, these theoretical exercises in mashing together disparate elements inspire whole new experiments in recombinant art, and help to silence the moronic, defeatist cry of “it’s all been done before.” So, when I recently stumbled across
Dominic Fox’s slim volume
Cold World: the Aesthetics of Dejection and The Politics of Militant Dysphoria, I had high hopes for it to be the latter, seeing as it was giving equal weight to both the presentation of black metal and the activist writings – in the service of the
Rote Armee Fraktion - of the resurgent
Ulrike Meinhof. Those who are familiar with both of these celebrated underworld phenomena will probably already notice a few things they have in common: the recognition of distinct gaps between ineffectual ‘protest’ and catalytic ‘resistance,’ and seeing others' deaths as the only way of securing further survival for that which truly matters to them. Fox cleverly notes the famous RAF trope that “shooting and fucking are the same” (read: both share equal importance as revolutionary acts), and also notes the early Norwegian BM scene’s brief and fiery attempt to go far beyond the blunt anti-democratic, anti-monotheist protest encoded in their music. If we don’t attribute it directly to Meinhof, her insistence that
“protest is when I say that something does not suit me…resistance is when I make sure that that which does not suit me no longer occurs”, could just as easily be taken up by someone on the opposite end of the political spectrum, and Fox certainly recognizes this.
The focus of Fox is squarely on the gap between the aforementioned protest and resistance, when one is confronted with a bleak and static world not of one’s own making, one that “…triangulates social withdrawal, emotional torpor and spiritual devastation, without […] being able to name any of these things as its pimary cause.” (pp. 37-38.) More interesting than Fox’s assessment of past RAF and black metal transgressions (and more relevant to this blog on electronic music- which I promise we’ll return to in a moment) is his take on the contemporary BM scene, one in which
“…the introversion (literally, ‘turning inwards’) of late black metal must be understood as a development of the genre’s original combative, anti-social stance. [Xasthur vocalist] Malefic’s withering scorn for Californian metal scenesters is extended, in Xasthur’s Defective Epitath, to the Californian ideology of New Age-y social progressiveness in general. The track titles include spiteful inversions and negations of New Age nostrums: ‘Legacy of Human Irrelevance,’ ‘Worship (The War Against Yourself)’, ‘Unblessed Be.’ But to wage war on oneself, and especially to worship the forces which war within and against the self, is to uphold an ethic of inner conflict and self-overcoming (not self-realisation) which is by no means simply nihilistic. What is more, this ethic not only mirrors but intensifies the early Norwegian black metallers’ ferocious attack on what they saw as the complacent mediocrity of a society once dominated by liberal Judeo-Christian moral values. (p. 52)”
It’s a shame Fox remains within the realm of rock music in writing his essay on dejection aesthetics (he also cites albums by
Codeine, and, in true po-mo fashion, the storyboard to a Britney Spears video), because the above description could apply easily enough to the icier and darker fringes of electronic music. The ‘dark ambient’ niche carved out by musicians like
John Watermann (“Calcutta Gas Chamber”) and
Lustmord (“Heresy”) relies on a totally different tactical apparatus than the metal artists Fox refers to, but the
raison d’etre is quite similar: the subterranean growls and ‘deep space’ yawns of ambient music’s more ‘negative’ exponents still aim at a kind of de-centering of the self which is, echoing Fox, not a purely nihilistic exercise. Of course there are some artists of ‘ritual / dark / death ambient’ who do market their music as being performative nihilism, but that's beside the point. As Fox suggests while discussing Xasthur, those who can claim any kind of success in the genre know how to take the apparently ‘frozen’ and anti-social act of deep introspection and to push it to an utmost limit where it is no longer a passive act, but a destroyer of some immobilizing, internalized form of falsehood. And we could also suggest this as a possible effect of listening to electronic artists who have no stated interest in any ‘dark’ forces, yet are more than capable of conjuring such ‘dark’ qualities of dread and disorientation through the sheer un-compromise of their music. See, for example, the ‘standing wave’ aesthetic of
Mika Vainio’s many discs: sometimes they are so lacking in the introduction of new sonic variables during the course of a listening program, they seem like they exist outside of time- maybe a ‘dark’ and anti-social kind of aesthetic for those who are unprepared for it, but something that can actually be transformative if the listener perseveres and willfully uses it as a kind of interrogative tool on the self.
Ultimately, though, I understand why Fox doesn’t bring up any specimens of dark ambient, austere drone music, etc. into this discussion: the insurrectionary power of these musical forms has largely remained on the psycho-spiritual plane and has not had nearly as much interest in transforming the political landscape through what Meinhof would have accepted as resistance. We could debate endlessly whether the individual ‘inner war’ illuminated by this music is more important to resolve than the conflicts which rage in public forums and city streets, but that would be much more suited to a panel discussion, and way outside the scope of this one weblog entry.
There are some clever points raised in Cold World besides those listed above, but, unfortunately, there are some glaring flaws as well. Fox occasionally indulges in the kind of ‘virtuoso’ vocabulary that I loathe. That is to say, wording that never convinces me it has any ‘progressive’ use beyond its use as a kind of ‘secret handshake’ for identifying oneself to others in the same academic niche: the words “facticity” and “cacotopia” are a couple of standouts here. Fox also chucks out some awkward statements here and there, that flirt with tautology (on page 45: “…it is very clear why adolescent revolt so often involves of [sic] a turn towards the symbolism of death: such symbols […] serve as portals to the land of the dead.”) Fox has at least done his research on black metal, namechecking such perennial ‘kvlt’ obscurities as
Mutiilation, and can easily spot the identity politics of ‘authenticity’ that plagues this scene (especially its fetish for murky non-production and has clearly read the main sociological tome on the subject,
Lords of Chaos as co-authored by ‘radical traditionalist’ author
Michael Moynihan. Ditto for the accurate synopsis of the many RAF facts and legends. The most disappointing thing about the book, though, has to be its puzzling and hasty (non) conclusion, which I’ll allow you to read for yourself- suffice it to say it involves a nutty bit of reasoning that seems to have a tenuous connection to any of the previous arguments.
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NOTES IN THE MARGIN: I couldn’t help, before putting this book down, noticing the dour
Zero Books manifesto which closes out the text, reminding us that “the informal censorship internalized and propagated by the cultural workers of late capitalism generates a banal conformity that the propaganda chiefs of Stalinism could only have dreamt of imposing.” Oh my. Far be if from me to suggest cultural life in the capitalist West is something beyond reproach, but resurrections of the old “aren’t we all living in one big gulag” argument make me laugh out loud. Please, my literary critic friends… as if you could even survive for 5 hours in a real gulag. Now, on the other hand, under the Stalinist regime this slim text of 65 odd pages probably would be available for free to ‘cultural workers’, and wouldn’t bear a ridiculous suggested list price of $14.95. So maybe the Zero Books collective has a point here.